{"id":21552,"date":"2025-11-04T14:25:57","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T20:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entrustsol.com\/?p=21552"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:29:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T20:29:09","slug":"understanding-nerc-mod-026-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entrustsol.com\/understanding-nerc-mod-026-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding NERC MOD-026-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Consolidation and Expansion of Dynamic Model Verification Standards<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Effective Date: January 1, 2026<\/em><\/p>\n

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has approved a major update to dynamic model verification and validation requirements. MOD-026-2\u00a0consolidates\u00a0and replaces MOD-026-1 and MOD-027-1, unifying voltage\/reactive power and frequency\/active power control into a single, comprehensive standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Driven by FERC Order No. 901, MOD-026-2 strengthens modeling requirements for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) such as solar, wind, and battery storage. It also expands modeling capabilities for synchronous generators, condensers, and other transmission equipment.<\/span><\/p>\n

This standard\u00a0represents\u00a0a significant shift in reliability compliance\u2014and ENTRUST\u2019s power system experts are ready to support asset owners through every phase of implementation.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Comparison with MOD-026-1 and MOD-027-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Prepared:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0October 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Subject:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Verification and Validation of Dynamic Models and Data<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Executive Summary<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

MOD-026-2\u00a0consolidates\u00a0and replaces\u00a0<\/span>MOD-026-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(excitation\/volt-var control) and\u00a0<\/span>MOD-027-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(turbine\/governor control) into a single, comprehensive standard for dynamic model verification and validation. The primary driver is\u00a0<\/span>FERC Order No. 901<\/span><\/b>, which mandates better modeling of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) such as solar, wind, and battery storage facilities. Additionally, MOD-026-2 expands modeling capabilities by allowing Transmission Planners to optionally require limiting and protective function models for synchronous generators and condensers.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Key Dates Summary<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Milestone<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Timeframe<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Description<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ballot Approval<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nOctober 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nMOD-026-2 ballot approved<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Regulatory Acceptance<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nQ4 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nAccepted by end of 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Effective Date<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 2026<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nFirst day of first quarter after Q4 2025 approval<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R1 & R7 Compliance<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 2027<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTP\/PC develop requirements; TP provides data on request<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R2-R6 Compliance<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 2029<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGenerator\/Transmission Owners\u00a0submit\u00a0verified models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Full Implementation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 2030<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nFERC Order No. 901 deadline<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOD-026-1 Retirement<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nDecember 31, 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nImmediately prior to MOD-026-2 effective date<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOD-027-1 Retirement<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nDecember 31, 2025<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nImmediately prior to MOD-026-2 effective date<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

January 1,\u00a02026\u00a0\u2192 Effective Date (T\u2080)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2193<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

January 1,\u00a02027\u00a0\u2192 R1 & R7 Compliance (T\u2080 + 12 months)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Transmission Planner\/Planning Coordinator develop model requirements<\/li>\n
  • Transmission Planner provides current models upon request<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u2193<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    January 1,\u00a02029\u00a0\u2192 R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 Compliance (T\u2080 + 36 months)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Generator\/Transmission Ownerssubmitverified models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Model review and acceptance process<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Change management procedures<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/h4>\n

      Submittal Timeline<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

      Existing Facilities\u00a0\u2013<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Within 10 calendar years of most recent transmittal, or MOD-026-2 R2-R6 compliance date (whichever is later)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      New Facilities<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Compliance date for R2-R6 or\u00a0365 days\u00a0after commissioning (whichever is later).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Key Changes and Impacts<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

      1. CONSOLIDATION<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

      Previous\u00a0Approach:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • MOD-026-1: Generator excitation control systems and plant volt\/var control<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • MOD-027-1: Turbine\/governor and load control or active power\/frequency control<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        New Approach:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • MOD-026-2:\u00a0Single standard covering both voltage\/reactive power AND frequency\/active power control<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Impact:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Streamlined compliance process<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Single submission to Transmission Planner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Reduced administrative burden<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Consistent requirements across control functions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            <\/h4>\n

            2. EXPANDED SCOPE\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

            Facility Types Covered:<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Facility Type<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Previous\u00a0Coverage<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            MOD-026-2 Coverage<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            Synchronous Generators<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Core functions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Core functions + limiters\u00a0\/\u00a0protection\u00a0per TP request\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            BES Inverter-Based Resources<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2717\u00a0Limited\/Generic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Explicit & Comprehensive<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Non-BES IBRs \u226520 MVA<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2717\u00a0Not covered<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Explicit & Comprehensive<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            HVDC Systems (LCC & VSC)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2717\u00a0Limited<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Explicit Requirements<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            FACTS Devices<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2717\u00a0Limited<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Explicit Requirements<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Synchronous Condensers<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Core functions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2713\u00a0Core functions +\u00a0limiters \/ protection\u00a0per\u00a0TP request\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Applicability Criteria (per MOD-026-2 Section 4):<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Functional Entities:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Generator Owner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Planning Coordinator<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Transmission Owner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Transmission Planner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Facilities:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Synchronous Generating Units and Plants (BES Inclusion I2):<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                • Individual synchronous generating units meeting Inclusion I2 criteria:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Connected at \u2265100 kV with gross individual nameplate rating >20 MVA<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Synchronous generating plants\/facilities meeting Inclusion I2 criteria:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Connected at \u2265100 kV with gross plant\/facility\u00a0aggregate\u00a0nameplate rating >75 MVA<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n
                  1. Dynamic Reactive Resources (BES Inclusion I5) >20 MVA:<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \n
                    • Static or dynamic devices dedicated to supplying\/absorbing reactive power\u00a0connected at \u2265100 kV, or through dedicated transformer with\u00a0high-side\u00a0\u2265100 kV<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Includes:\u00a0Synchronous condensers,\u00a0Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        \n
                      1. High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Systems:<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \n
                        • Line Commutated Converter (LCC)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Voltage Source Converter (VSC)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            \n
                          1. Inverter-Based Resources:<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \n
                            • BES Inverter-Based Resources (all sizes)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Non-BES Inverter-Based Resources<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Aggregate nameplate capacity \u226520 MVA\u00a0connected through system designed primarily for delivering such capacity\u00a0to common point of connection at voltage \u226560 kV<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \n
                              1. Non-Synchronous Generating Plants (E.g.Type 1 & 2 Wind viaBES Inclusion I4):<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \n
                                • Dispersed power producing resources aggregating to >75 MVA (gross nameplate rating)\u00a0connected through system designed primarily for delivering such capacity\u00a0to common point of connection at voltage \u2265100 kV or above<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Includes both:\u00a0The individual resources, AND\u00a0The system delivering capacity from aggregation point to common point of connection<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Detailed\u00a0Comparison\u00a0Table<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                  \n

                                  Feature<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                  		\n

                                  MOD-026-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                  		\n

                                  MOD-027-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                  		\n

                                  MOD-026-2<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                  Functional Scope<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nExcitation control, voltage regulation, PSS, plant volt\/var<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTurbine\/governor, load control, active power\/frequency<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nBoth combined into single standard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Applicable Entities<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGenerator Owner, Transmission Planner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGenerator Owner, Transmission Planner<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n+ Transmission Owner, Planning Coordinator<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  IBR Coverage<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGeneric\/limited mention<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGeneric\/limited mention<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nComprehensive – explicit requirements<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  EMT Models<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired for IBRs, HVDC, FACTS<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Positive Sequence Models<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired (+ optional limiters\/protection for synchronous)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Verification Period<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n10 years<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n10 years<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n10 years (unchanged)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Model Verification<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nImplied\/informal<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nImplied\/informal<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nExplicitly defined and\u00a0required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Model Validation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired + enhanced documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  GO\/TO\u00a0Change Notification<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n180 calendar days<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n180 calendar days<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n180 calendar days (unchanged)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Response Timeline\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n90 calendar days<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n90 calendar days<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n120\u00a0calendar days*\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Equivalent Unit Provision (synchronous only)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2264350 MVA, same components<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2264350 MVA, same components<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2264350 MVA, same components (unchanged)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Low Capacity\u00a0Factor Exemption<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u22645% over 3 years<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u22645% over 3 years<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u22645% over 3 years (unchanged)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  Jointly Developed Requirements<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nYes – TP & PC must jointly develop (R1)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                  *120 days\u00a0for\u00a0TP response to\u00a0new model transmittal (R5), GO response to unacceptability\u00a0R6).\u00a0<\/span>
                                  \nTP to provide\u00a0existing\u00a0model within\u00a090 days\u00a0of request (R7).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                   <\/p>\n

                                  3. NEW REQUIREMENT: ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT (EMT) MODELS\u00a0FOR IBR<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                  Requirement R3 (NEW in MOD-026-2)<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  What’s Required:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  Generator Owners and Transmission Owners must provide\u00a0<\/span>EMT models<\/span><\/b>\u00a0for:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Inverter-Based Resources (solar, wind, battery storage)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • FACTS devices<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • HVDC systems (both LCC and VSC types)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Exclusions:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Legacy facilities where original equipment manufacturer no longer supports EMT models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • Legacy facilities NOT\u00a0identified\u00a0by Transmission Planner as requiring EMT models (per R1, Part 1.2.1)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      EMT Model Components (R3.1):<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      Must include\u00a0integrated plant model with components\u00a0representing:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • IBR unit(s)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Collector system<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Auxiliary control devices (acting on voltage\/frequency)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Power plant controller<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Generator step-up transformer(s)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Main power transformer(s)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Enabled protective functions\u00a0that directly trip units\/facility<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • Limiting functions\u00a0that limit active\/reactive output<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        Required Documentation (R3.2-R3.5):<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Model Verification- Configurable parameters match design\/settings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Model Validation- Comparison with measured behavior during:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Voltage excursion\u00a0or staged test\u00a0events<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Frequency excursion\u00a0or staged test\u00a0events<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Unit-Level Testing* (R3.4) – Factory\/Hardware-in-Loop testing for large signal disturbances\u00a0[*typically performed by OEM]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Cross-Validation (R3.5) – Comparison between EMT and positive sequence model responses<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          This\u00a0represents\u00a0a significant new technical and cost burden for IBR facilities.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                           <\/p>\n

                                          4. DUAL MODELING REQUIREMENT FOR IBRs<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                          Applicable IBR facilities must provide\u00a0<\/span>BOTH<\/span><\/b>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          Requirement R2: Positive Sequence Dynamic Models<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Traditional phasor-domain models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • Used for bulk system stability studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • 10-year verification cycle<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            Requirement R3: EMT Models<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • Time-domain electromagnetic transient models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • More detailed representation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • Includes fast dynamics and switching behavior<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • 10-year verification cycle (same as R2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              Requirement R3.5: Model Comparison<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • Documentation comparing responses between both model types<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Demonstrates consistency for large signal disturbances<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                <\/h4>\n

                                                5. CLARIFIED TERMINOLOGY<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                MOD-026-2 introduces\u00a0<\/span>formal definitions<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(adopted by NERC Board August 2025):<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                \n

                                                Term<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                		\n

                                                Definition<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                		\n

                                                Previous\u00a0Standards<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                                Model Verification<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nProcess of confirming model structure and parameters\u00a0are\u00a0representative of equipment design and settings by reviewing documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nUsed informally, not formally defined<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                Model Validation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nProcess of comparing simulation results with measurements to assess how closely model behavior matches measured behavior<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nUsed informally, not formally defined<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                Impact:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Clear distinction between:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Verification = checking against design documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • Validation = checking against actual performance measurements<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  Note\u00a0that\u00a0per these definitions, validation data\u00a0(i.e.\u00a0from an external party)\u00a0can be an input to verification.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  6. ENHANCED MODEL REQUIREMENTS<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                  Comparison of Requirements:<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n

                                                  Aspect<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                  		\n

                                                  MOD-026-1\/027-1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                  		\n

                                                  MOD-026-2<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                                  Voltage\/Reactive Power\u00a0Validation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nVoltage excursion test\u00a0required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nSame, plus enhanced documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Frequency\/Active Power\u00a0Validation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nFrequency excursion test\u00a0required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nSame test\u00a0required, with updated thresholds (reduced for most interconnections)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  IBR Unit-Level\u00a0Validation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>[typically performed by OEMs in factory]<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot addressed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0Factory\/HIL testing\u00a0documentation\u00a0required (R3.4)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Protective Function\u00a0Verification\u00a0– Synchronous<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot addressed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nOptional per TP requirements (Table 1.1 – NEW)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Protective Function\u00a0Verification\u00a0– IBRs<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot addressed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired (explicitly listed in Table 1.2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Limiting Function\u00a0Verification\u00a0– Synchronous<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nOptional\/implied<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nOptional per TP requirements (Table 1.1 – NEW)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Limiting Function\u00a0Verification\u00a0– IBRs<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNot addressed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nRequired (explicitly listed in Table 1.2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  EMT vs. Positive Sequence\u00a0Verification<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nN\/A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nBenchmark\u00a0(comparison)\u00a0required\u00a0(R3.5)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                  Frequency Excursion Thresholds (changed from MOD-027-1):<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  Facility must be\u00a0operating\u00a0in frequency-responsive mode with frequency deviation (nadir) from scheduled frequency \u2265:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n

                                                  Interconnection<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                  		\n

                                                  Threshold<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                                  Eastern<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0.04 Hz\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  ERCOT<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0.08 Hz\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Western<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0.08 Hz\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  Quebec<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0.30 Hz\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                  Note:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0MOD-026-2 reduced thresholds for Eastern (0.05\u21920.04 Hz), ERCOT (0.10\u21920.08 Hz), and Western (0.10\u21920.08 Hz) interconnections, making it easier to find qualifying frequency events for validation purposes. Quebec’s threshold was increased (0.15\u21920.30 Hz).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                  User Guidance by\u00a0Asset Owners\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                  1.\u00a0Determine\u00a0Applicability<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                  Action Items:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • Review MOD-026-2 Section 4.2 (Facilities) carefully<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • Identify\u00a0newly applicable units, particularly:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • BES\u00a0Synchronous or\u00a0Inverter-Based Resources (any size)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • Non-BES IBRs \u226520 MVA connected at \u226560 kV<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • Non-synchronous generating plants meeting BES definition<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • HVDC systems (LCC and VSC)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • FACTS devices >20 MVA<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    2. EMT Model Preparation\u00a0\u2013 IBR Only\u00a0(CRITICAL PATH)<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                    Immediate Actions (HIGH PRIORITY):<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • Legacy equipment may qualify for exemption if manufacturer no longer provides support<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    • Model Acquisition: Contact Equipment Manufacturers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    • Identify\u00a0OEM support status of equipment.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    • If possible, obtain EMT models\u00a0or model information\u00a0for:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • IBR inverter units<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                      • Power plant controller<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                      • Transformers (GSU and main power\u00a0saturation curves)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      • Testing Requirements:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • Budget for testing costs\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                        • Schedule testing during commissioning for new facilities<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                        • Model Verification:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • Collect equipment design specifications<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                          • Obtain control system settings documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                          • Maintain software\/firmware version records<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                            Timeline:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • Begin in Q1 2026 (do not wait for Transmission Planner requirements)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                            • Lead time for manufacturer EMT models: months typical<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                            • Preliminary analysis\u00a0and test coordination: 3-6 months<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                            • Target completion: January 2027 (24 months\u00a0before January 1,\u00a02029\u00a0R3 compliance deadline)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              3. Timeline Planning<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                              Recommended Project Schedule:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                              \n

                                                              Timeframe<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

                                                              		\n

                                                              Activities<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                                              January 2026 – December 2026<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>(Year 1)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • Monitor for Transmission Planner model requirements (R1 due January 2027)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Initiate manufacturer contact for EMT models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Review facility applicability<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Identify equivalent units (if applicable)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                              January 2027 – December 2027<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>(Year 2)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • Receive TP model requirements (by January 2027)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Obtain EMT and positive sequence models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Schedule validation testing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Compile verification documentation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                              January 2028 – December 2028<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>(Year 3)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • Complete validation testing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Prepare comparison documentation (R3.5 for IBRs)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Quality review of submittals<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Submit to Transmission Planner by January 1, 2029<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                              Ongoing<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • Monitor equipment changes<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • 180-day notification for changes altering dynamic response (R4)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              • Respond to TP comments within 120 days (R3)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                                \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                Common Questions & Answers<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                                Q1: If I have multiple identical wind turbines, do I need an EMT model for each turbine?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0No. MOD-026-2 allows\u00a0<\/span>aggregate modeling<\/span><\/b>\u00a0for units <20 MVA in a generating plant. You may provide:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                • Individual unit model, OR<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                • Aggregate unit model\u00a0representing\u00a0multiple identical units<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                  The key is that the model must\u00a0represent\u00a0the facility’s dynamic behavior at the point of interconnection. Typically, one representative turbine model is used with\u00a0appropriate scaling.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                  Q2: If I have multiple types of wind turbines or inverters, do I need an EMT model for each turbine?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  A<\/span><\/b>: Yes. Each IBR unit must have explicit representation as well as parameterization. Each OEM should be contacted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                  Q3: What if my IBR Unit (wind turbine or inverter) has an EMT model available, but my Power Plant Controller OEM does not have a model available?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  A<\/span><\/b>: The controls experts at ENTRUST can build custom PPC models based on documentation and measured results, then use this as input to R3.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                  Q4: What is the best way to get data for validation (comparison between measurement and model results)?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  A<\/span><\/b>: Staged testing is the most effective\u00a0manner\u00a0to\u00a0validate\u00a0models. The control experts at ENTRUST\u00a0will\u00a0design a test procedure for the specific nature of your on-site controls.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                  Q5: My solar facility was commissioned in 2020. Do I need to provide EMT models?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0It depends:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  • If Transmission Planner\u00a0identifies\u00a0your facility under R1, Part 1.2.1: Yes, EMT model\u00a0required<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                  • If Transmission Planner does NOT\u00a0identify\u00a0your facility: No EMT model\u00a0required\u00a0(only positive sequence)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                  • If original equipment manufacturer no longer supports EMT models: Exempt from R3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                    Check with your Transmission Planner after they publish model requirements (by January 1, 2027).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    Q6: We have 4 identical 30 MVA gas turbines. Can we verify just one?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Yes, if ALL conditions are met:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    • Same MVA nameplate rating (\u2713 30 MVA each)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                    • Nameplate \u2264350 MVA (\u2713)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                    • Same components and settings (must verify)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                    • Same physical location (must verify)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                      Process:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      • Verify one unit per MOD-026-2 requirements<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                      • Provide written explanation for equivalent units<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                      • Must verify a different unit each 10-year cycle<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                        Q7: What happens if the Transmission Planner rejects our model?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Follow the R6 process:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        1. Transmission Planner provides (within\u00a0120\u00a0days):<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • Written notification model is “not usable”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                          • Technical description of issues<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                          • Supporting evidence<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • You must respond (within 90 days) with ONE of:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            • Updated model and documentation (per R2\/R3)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                            • Technical justification for\u00a0maintaining\u00a0current model<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                            • Plan to perform model verification<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                            • If you\u00a0submit\u00a0updated model:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              • Transmission Planner has\u00a0120 days\u00a0to review<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                              • Process repeats until model is accepted<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                Q8: Do we need to notify the Transmission Planner about every software update?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Only if it\u00a0<\/span>alters dynamic response characteristics<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                Examples that REQUIRE notification:<\/p>\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • Inverter control software update changing voltage control algorithm<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                • Power Plant Controller reactive droop\u00a0or gain\u00a0changes<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                • Protective function threshold changes<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                  Examples that DO NOT require notification:<\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • HMI software updates<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                  • Monitoring system updates<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                  • Data historian software<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                    Q9: How do I know which protective and limiting functions to include?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                    A:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Wait for Transmission Planner requirements (R1, due by January 1, 2027).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                    The Transmission Planner will specify which functions from Attachment 1 must be modeled:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • Table 1.1 for synchronous machines<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                    • Table 1.2 for IBRs, FACTS, HVDC<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                      <\/h3>\n

                                                                                      Additional Resources<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                                                      NERC Standards & Documents:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • MOD-026-2 Standard (Final Draft October 2025)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                      • MOD-026-2 Implementation Plan<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                      • MOD-026-2 Technical Rationale Document<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                      • FERC Order No. 901 (October 2023)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                      • NERC Project 2020-06 webpage<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                        Related Standards\u00a0and Projects:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • MOD-032-1: Data for Power System Modeling<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                        • MOD-033-2: Steady-State and Dynamic System Model Validation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                        • Project 2022-02: Uniform Modeling Framework for IBR<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                        • Project 2021-01: System Model Validation with IBRs<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                          Definitions:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • NERC Glossary of Terms<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                          • BES Definition (with Inclusions I2, I4, I5)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                            Technical References:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • IEEE 421.5: Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                            • IEEE Task Force Reports on IBR Modeling<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                            • NERC GADS Data Reporting Instructions (Appendix F – Capacity Factor)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                              Conclusion<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                                                              MOD-026-2\u00a0represents\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>paradigm shift<\/span><\/b>\u00a0in reliability standard requirements for dynamic modeling, primarily driven by the proliferation of Inverter-Based Resources on the Bulk Electric System. The standard:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u2713\u00a0<\/span>Consolidates<\/span><\/b>\u00a0two\u00a0previous\u00a0standards into one comprehensive requirement<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u2713\u00a0<\/span>Expands<\/span><\/b>\u00a0scope to explicitly cover IBRs, HVDC, and FACTS<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u2713\u00a0<\/span>Introduces<\/span><\/b>\u00a0EMT modeling requirements for power-electronic-based facilities<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u2713\u00a0<\/span>Clarifies<\/span><\/b>\u00a0distinction between verification and validation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u2713\u00a0<\/span>Maintains<\/span><\/b>\u00a010-year verification cycle with proven flexibility provisions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              Critical Success Factors:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • Early manufacturer engagement for EMT models<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                              • Adequate budget allocation for testing and model acquisition<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                              • Staff training on EMT modeling and IBR technology<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                              • Proactive data collection through recording equipment<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                              • Organized documentation management for long-term compliance<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                Immediate Next Steps:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

                                                                                                For Generator\/Transmission Owners:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • Begin facility applicability assessment in Q1 2026<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                • Contact manufacturers for EMT model availability in Q1 2026<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                • Budget for compliance costs in FY2026-2029 (major expenditures in FY2027-2028)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                • Contact\u00a0ENTRUST\u00a0for testing and model integration\/validation Q2 2027<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                • Monitor for Transmission Planner requirements publication (by January 1, 2027)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                  Timeline:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0With an effective date of\u00a0<\/span>January 1,\u00a02026<\/span><\/b>\u00a0and full compliance required by\u00a0<\/span>January 1, 2030<\/span><\/b>, Generator and Transmission Owners have exactly 4 years to complete all model verification, validation, and submission activities. Preparation activities should begin\u00a0immediately\u00a0in Q1 2026 to ensure adequate time for manufacturer engagement, model acquisition, testing, and validation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                  Consolidation and Expansion of Dynamic Model Verification Standards\u00a0 Effective Date: January 1, 2026 The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has approved a major update to dynamic model verification and validation requirements. MOD-026-2\u00a0consolidates\u00a0and replaces MOD-026-1 and MOD-027-1, unifying voltage\/reactive power and frequency\/active power control into a single, comprehensive standard. Driven by FERC Order No. 901, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":21560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t